Bank Exam Speed Maths
Page 5: Profit & Loss (Shortcut Methods)
1. Basic Concepts
Cost Price (CP): Price at which item is bought
Selling Price (SP): Price at which item is sold
Profit: SP - CP
Loss: CP - SP
Profit %: (Profit / CP) × 100
Loss %: (Loss / CP) × 100
2. Example
CP = 100, SP = 120
Profit = 120 - 100 = 20
Profit % = (20/100) × 100 = 20%
3. SP & CP Shortcuts
SP = CP × (1 + Profit%/100)
SP = CP × (1 - Loss%/100)
Example: CP = 200, Profit = 10%
SP = 200 × 1.1 = 220
SP = 200 × 1.1 = 220
4. Successive Profit/Loss
Formula: a + b + (ab / 100)
Example: 10% profit and 20% profit
= 10 + 20 + (10×20)/100 = 30 + 2 = 32%
= 10 + 20 + (10×20)/100 = 30 + 2 = 32%
5. Discount Concept
Marked Price (MP): Price printed on item
Discount: MP - SP
SP = MP × (1 - Discount%/100)
Example: MP = 500, Discount = 20%
SP = 500 × 0.8 = 400
SP = 500 × 0.8 = 400
6. Important Trick (Profit = Loss Case)
If profit % = loss %, then overall result is always a loss.
Formula: Loss % = (x² / 100)
Example: 20% profit and 20% loss
Loss = (20×20)/100 = 4%
Loss = (20×20)/100 = 4%
7. Practice Questions
1. CP = 150, SP = 180 → Profit % = ?
2. CP = 200, Loss = 10% → SP = ?
3. MP = 400, Discount = 25% → SP = ?
4. 10% profit and 10% loss → Net % = ?
5. CP = 500, Profit = 20% → SP = ?
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